|
|population = c. 420–450 million〔Margaret Kleffner Nydell (Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times ), Intercultural Press, 2005, ISBN 1931930252, page xxiii, 14〕 |region1 = |pop1 = 423 million〔total population 450 million, CIA Factbook estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.〕 |region3 = |pop3 = 3,500,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Arab American Institute )〕 |region4 = |pop4 = 1,658,000 |region5 = |pop5 = 1,600,000 (Arab ancestry)〔http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html "Venezuela, where the estimated 1.6 million people of Arab descent..."〕 |region6 = |pop6 = 1,600,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook )〕 |region7 = |pop7 = 500,000〔 .〕-1,000,000〔(Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Turkey: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995. )〕 (excluding Syrian refugees) |languages = Arabic, Modern South Arabian,〔(Kister, M.J. "(unicode:Ķuāḍa)." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 10 April 2008 ): "The name is an early one and can be traced in fragments of the old Arab poetry. The tribes recorded as (unicode:Ķuḍā'ī) were: Kalb (), Djuhayna, Balī, Bahrā' (), Khawlān (), Mahra, Khushayn, Djarm, 'Udhra (), Balkayn (al-Kayn ), Tanūkh () and Salīh"〕〔Serge D. Elie, ("Hadiboh: From Peripheral Village to Emerging City" ), ''Chroniques Yéménites'': "In the middle, were the Arabs who originated from different parts of the mainland (e.g., prominent Mahrî tribes10, and individuals from Hadramawt, and Aden)". Footnote 10: "Their neighbors in the West scarcely regarded them as Arabs, though they themselves consider they are of the pure stock of Himyar."〕 varieties of Arabic, French, English, Hebrew, Berber, Turkish |religions = Predominantly Sunni Islam (also Shia, Nondenominational Muslims, Muwahhid Muslims, Ibadi Muslims); minority Christianity, other religions; agnostics, deists, religious humanism〔Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia - Page 332, Josef W. Meri - 2005〕 Bahaism〔An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith - Page 88, Peter Smith - 2008〕 |related = Other Semitic peoples, and various Afro-Asiatic peoples }} Arabs ((アラビア語:عرب), ''ʿarab'') are a major panethnic group whose native language is Arabic, comprising the majority of the Arab world. They primarily inhabit Western Asia, North Africa, and parts of the Horn of Africa. Before the spread of Islam, Arab referred to any of the largely nomadic Semitic tribes inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula. In modern usage Arabic-speaking populations are a highly heterogeneous collection of peoples, with diverse ancestral origins and identities. The ties that bind the Arab people are common linguistic, cultural, and political traditions. As such, Arab identity is based on one or more of genealogical, linguistic or cultural grounds,〔Francis Mading Deng (War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan ), Brookings Institution Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8157-1793-8 p. 405〕 although with competing identities often taking a more prominent role,〔Nicholas S. Hopkins, Saad Eddin Ibrahim eds., ''Arab society: class, gender, power, and development'', American University in Cairo Press, 1997, p.6〕 based on considerations including regional, national, clan, kin, sect, and tribe affiliations and relationships. If the Arab panethnicity is regarded as a single population, then it constitutes the world's largest group of people after the Han Chinese. The Arabian Peninsula itself was not entirely originally Arabic. Arabization occurred in some parts of the Arabian Peninsula. For example, the language shift to Arabic displaced the indigenous South Semitic Old South Arabian languages of modern-day Yemen and southern Oman. These were the languages spoken in the civilizations of Sheba, Ubar, Magan, Dilmun, and Meluhha— whose origin is debated; Lionel Bender (1997) suggesting an origin in Ethiopia,〔Bender, L (1997), "Upside Down Afrasian", Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 50, pp. 19-34〕 while others suggest the southern portion of the Arabian peninsula. A recent (2009) study based on a Bayesian model to estimate language change concluded that the latter viewpoint is more probable. ==Name== Originally, "Arabs" were synonymous with Arabians (inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula), until the Arabisation of people with no Arabian ancestry, mostly during the Abbasid Caliphate. Therefore, all uses of the word "Arab" prior to the 6th century, and most of those prior to the 13th century AD refer specifically to Arabians. Later uses of the word "Arab" could refer to any individual whose familial ancestry corresponds to the wider linguistic and panethnic definitions of Arabs. The earliest documented use of the word "Arab" to refer to a people appears in the Monolith Inscription, an Akkadian language record of the 9th century BC Assyrian Conquest of Syria, which referred to Bedouins under King Gindibu who fought as part of a coalition opposed to the Assyrians.〔Jan Retsö (The Arabs in antiquity: their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads ), Routledge, 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1679-3, p. 105, 119, 125-127.〕 Listed among the booty captured by the army of king Shalmaneser III of Assyria in the Battle of Qarqar are 1000 camels of "Gi-in-di-bu'u the ar-ba-a-a" or "(man ) Gindibu belonging to the ''ʕarab''" (''ar-ba-a-a'' being an adjectival nisba of the noun ''ʕarab''〔Jan Retsö (The Arabs in antiquity: their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads ), Routledge, 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1679-3, p. 105, 119, 125-127.〕). ''ʕarab'', with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, is still used today to describe Bedouins today, distinguishing them from ''ʕrab'', used to describe non-Bedouin Arabic speakers. The most popular Arab account holds that the word ''Arab'' came from an eponymous father called Yarab, who was supposedly the first to speak Arabic. Al-Hamdani had another view; he states that Arabs were called Gharab (West in Semitic) by Mesopotamians because Bedouins originally resided to the west of Mesopotamia; the term was then corrupted into Arab. Yet another view is held by Al-Masudi that the word Arabs was initially applied to the Ishmaelites of the "Arabah" valley. In Biblical etymology, "Arab" (in Hebrew ''Arvi'' ) comes both from the desert origin of the Bedouins it originally described (''Arava'' means wilderness). The root ''a-r-b'' has several additional meanings in Semitic languages—including "west/sunset," "desert," "mingle," "merchant," and "raven"—and are "comprehensible" with all of these having varying degrees of relevance to the emergence of the name. It is also possible that some forms were metathetical from "moving around" (Arabic "traverse"), and hence, it is alleged, "nomadic." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arabs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|